Mottcell new energy detailed explanation of lithium battery development history

In 1972, Exxon designed a secondary battery with TiS2 as the positive electrode and lithium metal as the negative electrode, but the lithium metal surface is easy to form lithium endrites, piercing the diaphragm leading in internal short circuit, which is easy to catch fire and explode. Although lithium secondary batteries were once successfully industrialized, they eventually withdrew from the market due to safety problems. In order to solve this problem, Armand in 1977 patent proposed graphite embedded compounds can act as a lithium ion battery anode material, then in 1980 positive and negative electrode are embedded compounds as electrode material, charge and discharge process of lithium ion reciprocating motion between positive and negative electrode, it will be called the battery image rocking chair battery, this is the prototype of the concept of lithium ion battery. In the same year, Mizushima et al. proposed the possibility of LixCoO2 layered compounds for cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries.

The first to operate lithium-ion batteries was Bonino et al., who reported in a series of literature that TiS2 and WO3 were used as positive electrodes, LiWO2 and LiFeO3 as negative electrodes, and LiClO4 in lithium-ion batteries dissolved in propylene carbonate (PC) as electrolyte. Typical reactions in such batteries can be expressed in the following equation:

This battery has high open-circuit voltage and charge and discharge efficiency, but low capacity and poor kinetic performance. The cathode material LiyMnYm needs to be prepared electrochemical method by Li and MnYm, and then formed with the positive electrode AzBw. Because of the redox reaction of reactivity assembly battery, the negative electrode is unstable in the air, so it is difficult to achieve industrialization.

In 1987, Auborn and Barberio used the directly prepared redox reaction product LiCoO2 as the positive electrode to directly equip the battery, but the problem of low charge and discharge rate of the negative electrode has not been solved. Until 1990, SONY used petroleum coke as the negative electrode, greatly increasing the charge and discharge rate of the negative electrode, and successfully launched commercial lithium-ion batteries the following year. Although crystalline carbon graphite materials have long been used in lithium-ion batteries, they were once at a standstill due to the strong reaction of the PC found in the graphite and the electrolyte. Encouraged by the industrialization of low-crystal carbon, people developed the electrolyte based on vinyl carbonate (EC) by improving the electrolyte, which subsequently realized the industrialization of crystal carbon, marking the formation of lithium-ion battery leading battery system.